Emergency crowd evacuation modeling and simulation framework with cellular discrete event systems.
First responders and security personnel face many challenges to safely evacuate crowded environments. Conducting frequent physical and table-top exercises are neither feasible nor economical. This is where modeling and simulation comes into play in providing a risk-free and economical method to practice various evacuation strategies, train first responders, and provide accurate decision-support and emergency guidance. With the aid of formal methods, here we present a suite of various egress strategies build on top of an open-source modeling and simulation environment. We use Cellular Discrete-Event System Specification (Cell-DEVS) formalism to explore emergency evacuation scenarios by building 12 egress models representing aspects of human behaviors under emergencies and the activities of authorities in guiding the crowd. The proposed framework explores random and controlled human movement, as well as implementing psychological conditions such as herd following and panicked states. We provide results analysis to compare evacuation speed under various egress methods, allowing for decision making when using the suite for purposes. The outcome of this work is available on a public repository to serve the DEVS community, researchers, and public safety authorities interested in emergency evacuation simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]/nCopyright of Simulation is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Modeling
Simulation and modelling
Evacuation time
The experiments are divided into four sections; the first demonstrating a proof of concept for the basic singular models, the second demonstrating a proof of concept for integrated models, the third demonstrating a proof of concept for the introduction of complications and the ability of the models to handle these complications, and the fourth measuring the performance of these models in larger scale environments, such as schools, malls, or even airports
Simulation
We present a suite of various egress strategies build on top of an open-source modeling and simulation environment.
Validating this suite of models would represent a significant steptowards the application of this suite of models in the aid of building egress design and evacuation planning for emergency control authorities.
This project addresses the existing literature on human behavior to establish a setof movements and behaviors that could then be translated into models and simulations using the Cell-DEVS formalism.The CD++ toolkit provided a suite of tools allowing for the translation of Cell-DEVS models into source code that could then be compiled, simulated, and visualized in order to help build an intuitive understanding of the mechanics that govern evacuation and egress during an emergency situation
Cellular Discrete-Event System Specification (Cell-DEVS) formalism to explore emergency evacuation scenarios by building 12 egress models representing aspects of human behaviors under emergencies and the activities of authorities in guiding the crowd.
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