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Reconstruction and Exploration of Large-scale Distributed Operations – Multimedia tools for Evaluation of Emergency Management Response

Authors
Pilemalm, S ; Andersson, D ; Hallberg, N

This study presents an approach for computersupported reconstruction and exploration (R&E) of distributed tactical operations. The approach involves several steps for constructing a time-synchronized, event-driven multimedia model of the course of events collected from multiple sources in the operational environment and visualizes this model in the F-REX Studio multimedia suite. In this study, the use of R&E and F-REX is explored in large-scale emergency management exercises. The approach’s possibilities, limitations, and needs for modification are first outlined followed by a comparison to traditional quantitative and qualitative data collection methods applied in the same context. It is found that the R&E approach in combination with F-REX has several advantages in relation to the other methods, in terms of avoiding problems of retrospection and in being able to provide an overview of the entire operation based on multiple perspectives—addressing the question “why” something happened rather than “what happened.” Correctly used, multimedia-supported R&E can thereby be used for more solid evaluations of large-scale emergency management exercises and operations, thus contributing to more effective handling of future crises.

Codebooks
SLR Criteria
Summary

The notes from the diary and the video documentation were scrutinized by an evaluator. Similar data were initially clustered and successively formed into categories displaying certain aspects of the use of R&E and F-REX.

SLR Criteria
Summary

Case StudiesParticipant observation and interviewsQuantitative method for evaluation of exercises

Summary

The observation had its focus on the R&E/F-REX applicability in this new environment, perceived benefits, and experienced problems, and how it complemented traditional research methods for evaluation.

Summary

 The exercise consisted of four linked scenarios played over a period of 2 weeks.Each scenario was followed by short periods of evaluation and debriefingR&E was applied to capture the course of events and reconstruct it in F-REX for further analysis and evaluation.

SLR Criteria
Summary

Notes were collected in a digital log, sometimes complemented with video documentation, eg, of the AAR sessions. In addition, a focus group interview was held with five military observers who had been participating in the field during the exercise.

SLR Criteria
Summary

 Is the R&E approach, supported by proper multimedia technology, applicable to largescale operational contexts and what are its benefits, drawbacks, limitations, and needs for modification to suit these contexts?Main question: How can rich reconstructions based on large-operation factual data, and visualized by multimedia tools, complement, improve, or even replace the use of traditional quantitative or qualitative research methods when evaluating large-scale distributed operations?

Summary

Work to incorporate metadata with raw F-REX data has recently startedThe metadata component is a first step toward developing and integrating a solid analysis tool with F-REXWork has also been initiated to make the R&E methodology as such further formalized with regard to the preparatory study design, the data collection, and the analysis phases.Because the original version of F-REX is somewhat complex and requires training of its operators, work is presently done to provide a lighter version stored on a DVD and showing examples.

SLR Criteria
Summary

 The combination of the R&E methodology and the F-REX Studio has an explicit focus on context, communication, and multiple perspectives that is in several aspects pioneering.Practical implications, in the long run, include improved, more effective and high-quality emergency management operations alleviating consequences in terms of material damage and human suffering.

SLR Criteria
Summary

Performed as a case study at a wide large-scale military command and as acontrol exercise (  Swedish Defense area involving participatory observationand complementary group interviews.

eu Portfolio of Solutions web site has been initially developed in the scope of DRIVER+ project. Today, the service is managed by AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH., for the benefit of the European Crisis Management. PoS is endorsed and supported by the Disaster Competence Network Austria (DCNA) as well as by the STAMINA and TeamAware H2020 projects.