A Procedural Construction Method for Interactive Map Symbols Used for Disasters and Emergency Response.
The timely and accurate mapping of dynamic disasters and emergencies is an important task that is necessary for supporting the decision-making that can improve the efficiency of rescue and response efforts. The existing emergency symbol libraries are primarily composed of point symbols and simple line symbols, focusing on the representation of disasters, related facilities, and operations. However, various existing response factors (e.g., the distribution and types of emergency forces) are also important for further decision-making and emergency responses; there is a need to design complex and diverse symbols to represent this rich information. Moreover, traditional mapping systems only provide static map symbols that cannot be easily edited after creation, making it difficult to support interactive editing after the symbols are mapped, thus hindering the representation of dynamic disasters and response factors. This article targets a solution of the above issues by proposing a procedural construction method of interactive map symbols for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. There are two primary research points. First, an emergency response and decision symbol library was classified and integrated into the existing attachments to form a richer symbol library for comprehensively representing disasters and emergencies. Second, an interactive map symbol procedural construction method was designed based on (1) primitive geometric compositions and geometric graphics algorithms to construct the map symbol graphics; (2) an interactive graphics control and drawing attributes configuration method to support user interactive editing of the visual variables of the mapped symbols; (3) and a dynamic updating and drawing strategy to support the real-time refreshing of the changing visual variables. The experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as a case study, and the results demonstrate a powerful capacity of the produced interactive map symbols, which will contribute to the improvement of the mapping efficiency and representation capability of disasters and emergency response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]/nCopyright of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
The experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as a case study, and the results demonstrate a powerful capacity of the produced interactive map symbols, which will contribute to the improvement of the mapping efficiency and representation capability of disasters and emergency response.
To demonstrate the capapbilities and practicality of the proposed method, this aritcal uses the disaster and response of the Wenchuan earthquake as an example. The experiments were designed based on the disaster and the response that occurred 72 h after the earthquake. Most of this information is queried from Guangming Online The disaster information was dynamically updated after the earthquake occurred.
First, to date, the graphics, control points, and source points are created by user interaction, making it difficult to perform a quantitative analysis based on these symbols, and there is a need to link the construction process with quantitative calculation-oriented rules to simplify the construction process and make the representation of symbols more reasonable. Second, the interactive modes of symbols are freely designed by experience or consultation with domain experts, but each symbol has a specific meaning, and the editing mode of each symbol may be linked to a standard interactive mode according to its specific meaning, to improve the efficiency and standardization of the line (area) map symbol interaction.
The experiment demonstrates a powerful capacity of the produced interactive map symbol, and these symbols will contribute to the improvement of mapping efficiency and representation capability.
This article targets a solution by proposing a procedural construction method of interactive map symbols for dynamic disasters and emergency responsesFirst, an emergency response and decision symbol library was classified and integrated into the existing attachments to form a richer symbol library for comprehensively representing disasters and emergencies. Second, an interactive map symbol procedural construction method was designed based on (1) primitive geometric compositions and geometric graphics algorithms to construct the map symbol graphics; (2) an interactive graphics control and drawing attributes configuration method to support user interactive editing of the visual variables of the mapped symbols; (3) and a dynamic updating and drawing strategy to support the real-time refreshing of the changing visual variables.
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