A Socio-Physical Approach to Systemic Risk Reduction in Emergency Response and Preparedness.
This paper proposes a socio-physical approach that considers jointly the interaction and integration of the social and physical views of a system to improve emergency response and preparedness. This is accomplished through a reduction of systemic risk, which refers to a risk that could be greater than the sum of the risks of the individual system constituents. Using network analysis, it is shown that the explicit socio-physical approach yields meaningful qualitative and quantitative differences when compared with approaches that focus on the social and physical views in isolation. The benefits of this proposed approach are illustrated on a case study using clustering analysis and a proof-of-concept simulation. This new approach leads to systemic risk reduction by enabling a more informed and coordinated response strategy following an incident and a better identification of possible consequences and preparation strategies prior to an incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]/nCopyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics. Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Clustering analysis -- as a means of analyzing the interconnections and dependencias within a system Python NetworkX package was used to capture the networks, facilitating graphical presentation and mathematical computation
Case study, network analysis, proof-of-concept simulation
Clustering coefficients (global and local)
University case-study
This paper proposes using a socio-physical view of a system, for emergency response and preparedness, to increase situational awareness and thereby reduce systemic risk.
The current work considers only static snapshots of the network, but changes to the system (e.g., from hazards or accidents) will impact the network topology.
The introduced socio-physical approach has diverse application to many different areas of emergency response and preparedness, including the following.Education and training. Modeling and simulation of what-if scenarios. Stress-testing the system prior to an emergency. Building the system’s capacity to cope with disruptions more effectively and efficiently.Improving communication between stakeholders. Creating a more collaborative and coordinated environment for response.
This paper proposes a socio-physical approach that considers jointly the interaction and integration of the social and physical views of a system to improve emergency response and preparedness University case study: analyzing the merit of the socio-physical view in relation to the social and physical views in isolation.Case: Incident in the steam plant at a university in southwestern Ontario, Canada, resulted in the closure of the university for half-a-day.
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