The study included 13 Iranian Registered Nurses (IRNs) with a bachelor’s degree in nursing who had at least 2 weeks’ experience as RNs during the Bam

Situation where widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses have occurred which exceeded the ability of the affected organisation, community or society to respond and recover using its own resources.

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in the earthquake location. None had any personal experiences in Situation where widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses have occurred which exceeded the ability of the affected organisation, community or society to respond and recover using its own resources.

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conditions and most of them were male nurses. All of them had more than 12 years’ clinical nursing experiences in different hospitals’ wards. The mean ages of participants were 36 years (ranging from 34 to 56 years). They went to the earthquake location voluntarily following the call for help by the nursing office of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the early moments following the disaster.

Interdisciplinary role play, 1,5 day workshopThe University of Missouri assembled campuswide and national expertise to participate in an interdisciplinary workshop addressing the complexity of the bioterrorism problem, spanning teaching, research,

Actions taken during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

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,

Limitation of any negative consequence of a particular incident.

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, and public policyexpert discussions on topics critical to the Actions taken during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

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to a possible terrorism event and a 4-h tabletop

Process to train for, assess, practise and improve performance in an organization.
Note 1 to entry: Exercises can be used for validating policies, plans, procedures, training , equipment, and inter-organizational agreements; clarifying and training personnel in roles and responsibilities; improving inter­organizational coordination and communications; identifying gaps in resources; improving individual performance and identifying opportunities for improvement; and a controlled opportunity to practise improvisation.
Note 2 to entry: See also test.

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developed for the 28 participating studentsstudent teams shared their analysis and experience from the tabletop scenarios, and the expert panel provided feedback on their briefings.

The experiments are divided into four sections; the first demonstrating a proof of concept for the basic singular models, the second demonstrating a proof of concept for integrated models, the third demonstrating a proof of concept for the introduction of complications and the ability of the models to handle these complications, and the fourth measuring the performance of these models in larger scale environments, such as schools, malls, or even airports

A 45 km  45 km test bed of four radars has been installed in southwest Oklahoma and has been in operation since March 2006At the time of this study, 20 EMs worked in the testbed region. Eight of these EMs volunteered to participate in the study. Three OK-FIRST-trained EMs to the north of the region also volunteered.A severe weather decision-making questionnaire, consisting of 50 questions, was divided into five sections. Four sections involved the weather phases described in the initial descriptive decision-making model (Table 2) and one was for demographics. The weather phase sections probed weather product usage during a typical severe thunderstorm event for 13 information sources available to OK-FIRST program participants (first column in Table 1)A custom

A device, equipment or piece of software used to carry out a particular process or procedure.

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was developed to present timecoordinated radar images, NWS text products, and Geographical Information System (GIS) data from archived weather events in simulated real timeThe post-

Pre-planned storyline that drives an exercise, as well as the stimuli used to achieve exercise project performance objectives.

DRIVER+ note 1: In the context of DRIVER+ scenarios are defined for Trials not for exercises.

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questionnaire collected additional information regarding the weather assessments made and associated decisions that were (or may have been) made during the Pre-planned storyline that drives an exercise, as well as the stimuli used to achieve exercise project performance objectives. DRIVER+ note 1: In the context of DRIVER+ scenarios are defined for Trials not for exercises.

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. Participants responded with free-form text to address the use of different radar products, the value of GIS data, opinions on radar data display implications, and what decisions were reached during the scenario.The 11 volunteers participated in one of three scheduled sessions. For

Method of data collection in which the situation of interest is watched and the relevant facts, actions and behaviours are recorded.

DRIVER+ Note 1: Please consider also the notes in the original definition.

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, at least one analyst was paired with each participant.

A mixed method approach underpins this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a self report questionnaire.The questionnaire incorporated five main areas of questioning; demographics, knowledge, awareness, previous 

Situation where widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses have occurred which exceeded the ability of the affected organisation, community or society to respond and recover using its own resources.

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Actions taken during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

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experience and roles of nurses in disasters.

The network preparation part includes three main stages: determination ofnode and links (step 1), creation of connector (supplementary) links (step 2), and determination of

Sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or event requiring immediate action.
Note 1 to entry: An emergency is usually a disruption or condition that can often be anticipated or prepared for, but seldom exactly foreseen.

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trip sets (step 3). The optimization part includes: initialization (step 4) and development of the (three-objective) ETNDP model (step 5)

Consultation with 2 subject-matter experts and engineers of ELP-- 6 scenarios developed with emergencies ranging from weather challenges at the planned airport or on the current trajectory to aircraft maintenance issues.-- For each

Pre-planned storyline that drives an exercise, as well as the stimuli used to achieve exercise project performance objectives.

DRIVER+ note 1: In the context of DRIVER+ scenarios are defined for Trials not for exercises.

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, pilots were presented a list of diversion options

Devised questionnaire after having screened a list of standardized questionnaires available in the literature.

Seventy-eight trainees from the Centers for Disease Control and

Measures that enable an organization to avoid, preclude or limit the impact of an undesirable event or potential disruption.

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(CDC) in 18 cities in Hubei participated in the

Sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or event requiring immediate action.
Note 1 to entry: An emergency is usually a disruption or condition that can often be anticipated or prepared for, but seldom exactly foreseen.

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The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters.

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Activities designed to facilitate the learning and development of knowledge, skills, and abilities, and to improve the performance of specific tasks or roles.

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programme in 2005. Two participants did not complete their Activities designed to facilitate the learning and development of knowledge, skills, and abilities, and to improve the performance of specific tasks or roles.

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and were not part of the

Process of estimating the effectiveness, efficiency, utility and relevance of a service or facility.

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(n ¼ 76). Trainers were selected based on their expertise in the field of public health Sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or event requiring immediate action. Note 1 to entry: An emergency is usually a disruption or condition that can often be anticipated or prepared for, but seldom exactly foreseen.

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Actions taken during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

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, related training programmes and their involvement in continuous consultations on health service programmes, both  educational and promotional. Trainers came from the MOH, WHO, Chinese CDC, Health Department of Hubei Province, Fudan University, Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

Victims: 112 simulated adult victims (medical students), 29% severe traumatic injuries, 10% Primarily chemical inhalation injuries, 7% combined traumatic and chemical injuries, 45% with minor injuries including psychological trauma, 9% non-salvageable. The victims were prepared for the

Process to train for, assess, practise and improve performance in an organization.
Note 1 to entry: Exercises can be used for validating policies, plans, procedures, training , equipment, and inter-organizational agreements; clarifying and training personnel in roles and responsibilities; improving inter­organizational coordination and communications; identifying gaps in resources; improving individual performance and identifying opportunities for improvement; and a controlled opportunity to practise improvisation.
Note 2 to entry: See also test.

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by donning appropriate attire and make-up. The students were given detailed instructions in a separate course regarding their roles as victims. Each student was given a set of dynamic casualty cards that were inserted in a transparent envelope and safely attached to a lanyard to be worn around the mock victim’s neck. Setting: A conventional explosive blast in a two-story building was simulated in Casalvolone, Italy. Patient distribution within the building by Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment. Student medical responders were assigned roles within the Process to train for, assess, practise and improve performance in an organization. Note 1 to entry: Exercises can be used for validating policies, plans, procedures, training , equipment, and inter-organizational agreements; clarifying and training personnel in roles and responsibilities; improving inter­organizational coordination and communications; identifying gaps in resources; improving individual performance and identifying opportunities for improvement; and a controlled opportunity to practise improvisation. Note 2 to entry: See also test.

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that were commensurate with their previous experience.During the exercise, the local fire brigade,

Sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or event requiring immediate action.
Note 1 to entry: An emergency is usually a disruption or condition that can often be anticipated or prepared for, but seldom exactly foreseen.

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medical services (EMS), police, and civil protection acted in their usual capacities. However, none of these agencies had been previously informed of the

Pre-planned storyline that drives an exercise, as well as the stimuli used to achieve exercise project performance objectives.

DRIVER+ note 1: In the context of DRIVER+ scenarios are defined for Trials not for exercises.

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.Triage: Before the exercise, patients were assigned ideal triage scores according to the START criteria.Treatment maneuvers. In the clinical Pre-planned storyline that drives an exercise, as well as the stimuli used to achieve exercise project performance objectives. DRIVER+ note 1: In the context of DRIVER+ scenarios are defined for Trials not for exercises.

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, patients received mandatory maneuvers of four different subtypes, performed by the medical responders, which would be necessary parts of patient treatment.Radio usage: Two radio channels were available for participant usage. The first channel was used for medical coordination and connected the on-site medical officer with the dispatch center, first responder, secondary triage officer, command post medical officer, and fire brigade. The second channel was used for evacuation and connected dispatch, the AMP commander, the fire brigade, and the supporting hospital and the ambulances.