Experiment planning and deviations

Workshop phase divided in 4 main steps:Briefing of objectivesScenario sessionsDebriefing (reflection)Evaluation

qualitative simulation technology-QSIM algorithm

fault simulator in terms of activity models, system architecture, and proposed fault simulation mechanisms using qualitative and quantitative approaches.

The network preparation part includes three main stages: determination ofnode and links (step 1), creation of connector (supplementary) links (step 2), and determination of emergency trip sets (step 3). The optimization part includes: initialization (step 4) and development of the (three-objective) ETNDP model (step 5)

Four organisations were selected as two matched pairs: one pair from the manufacturing sector and one from the services sector. All the cases are companies which are publicly listed and are of a similar capitalisation, workforce size and using projects as a means of achieving their contracts and in-house initiatives. Companies 1 and 4 are manufacturing organisations using projects for non-process activities and inhouse improvement initiatives. Companies 2 and 3 are projectbased service organisations. Company 2 and Company 4 are nationally acclaimed learning organisations (LO). Learning is strongly encouraged and employee learning is fed back into the organisation as increased innovative capabilities.

Victims: 112 simulated adult victims (medical students), 29% severe traumatic injuries, 10% Primarily chemical inhalation injuries, 7% combined traumatic and chemical injuries, 45% with minor injuries including psychological trauma, 9% non-salvageable. The victims were prepared for the exercise by donning appropriate attire and make-up. The students were given detailed instructions in a separate course regarding their roles as victims. Each student was given a set of dynamic casualty cards that were inserted in a transparent envelope and safely attached to a lanyard to be worn around the mock victim’s neck. Setting: A conventional explosive blast in a two-story building was simulated in Casalvolone, Italy. Patient distribution within the building by Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment. Student medical responders were assigned roles within the exercise that were commensurate with their previous experience.During the exercise, the local fire brigade, emergency medical services (EMS), police, and civil protection acted in their usual capacities. However, none of these agencies had been previously informed of the scenario.Triage: Before the exercise, patients were assigned ideal triage scores according to the START criteria.Treatment maneuvers. In the clinical scenario, patients received mandatory maneuvers of four different subtypes, performed by the medical responders, which would be necessary parts of patient treatment.Radio usage: Two radio channels were available for participant usage. The first channel was used for medical coordination and connected the on-site medical officer with the dispatch center, first responder, secondary triage officer, command post medical officer, and fire brigade. The second channel was used for evacuation and connected dispatch, the AMP commander, the fire brigade, and the supporting hospital and the ambulances.

Part-task trainers, computer-enhanced mannequins (CEM), virtual reality simulators, and PACS simulators.

Identifying end-users in order to allow tailoring of resources to the intended audience, such as ward design, the choice of equipment, funding sources.For successful simulations, during the planning phase, careful consideration should be given to the physical space, furnishing, staff, space for teaching and office activities, space for observational equipment including audio, video recording capability, appropriate electronic and networking connections.

Authors describe the way to combine different theories through following their technical research step by step. However, someone who understands the formulas of these theories should read the article for further information.

No clear information about the planning of the experiment.