This study identified gaps in nursing education in disaster preparedness, disaster plans, disaster training, and education.Development of national and international research networks for disaster nursing, with the purpose of dissemination of information at the national level, will help in Jordanian nurses’ perceptions of their preparedness for disaster management keeping RNs up to date with disaster management.

A considerable number of health professionals had limited knowledge about the concept of disaster and response to certain specific disasters. About a quarter could not be able to describe the acronym “ABC” in first aid management of trauma. About a third had inadequate knowledge about early warning information, preparedness and response regarding common disasters. In addition, they had limited opportunities for training on topics related to disaster, despite their felt needs.

According to the analysis, emergency response leader’s emotion management is framed by an organizationally embedded emotional regime which is summed up in two core themes: focus on the task and do not let emotions interfere; and provide the task force with maximum physical and psychological security. The leader’s emotion management within this framework consists of two interdependent processes, one more organization oriented and one more individual oriented.

Learning CRM principles was not largely superior when learners were active participants in a simulated scenario compared to being observers followed by debriefing. These findings challenge the experiential learning theory claiming that learning non-technical CRM skills requires active practice.

Results indicate that participatory techniques can usefully complement formal methods of risk analysis and they are also valuable in exploring the risk perceptions and risk attitudes of key stakeholder groups if their delegates at the workshop correctly represent the wider community.The applications of participatory techniques to help relevant policymakers and stakeholders engage into a serious assessment of a remote and low-probability environmental risk proved to be successful.

This article makes a substantial contribution to understanding the role of network structure in the emergence of control between organizations in disrupted settings.

The EDER knowledge model provides a foundation for intelligent emergency response that helps solve knowledge problems to improve earthquake disaster response.

‘The simulation results show that the mechanism of the emergency response process based on OODA theory is reasonable and feasible in emergency response simulation.’ (p. 539)

To sum, it is found that the merge flow ratio influences sequence of floors to be evacuated and time required for complete evacuation when coefficient of flow rate and velocity of walking remained a constant. It consumes least time for total evacuation when merge flow ratio R is equal to 1. The occupants of the lower floors finish evacuation sooner when R is less than 1. The occupants of the higher floors arrive at safe areas sooner when R is more than 1, which is similar to NFPA method. The simulation results are also illustrated that with same walking speed value, the influence of coefficient of specific exit flow and specific stair flow is obvious. The higher the coefficient value, the shorter the total evacuation time is. When stagnation happened in the floors, increasing walking speed do not influence much in shortening the evacuation time.

Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithms presented in this paper. And, the methodology with appropriate modification is suitable for supporting decisions in assessing emergency route selection in other cases (fires, nuclear accidents).The use of the first heuristic algorithm is preferred to other routing optimization techniques because it allows for partitioning for the set of non-dominated solutions according to the results of QAR and individual risk criteria, which can provide reference for policymakers in the emergency decision-making process of evacuation. The use of the second heuristic algorithm is preferred to other dynamic optimization techniques because it allows for a fast calculation of optimal solutions during emergency situations.