Sample sites were selected with explicit criteriaSemistructured interview protocol

The preparation of tabletop exercises as simulation for contexts differing in levels of maturity will look different at each step of the simulation process (please see the data collection plan)

Combination of closed and open-ended questionsParticipants were instructed at the beginning to answer from the point of view of the organization they worked for.Along with the questionnaire, each participant received a definition sheet explaining key terms used in the questionnaire.

No certain deviations

For the experimental study an area of Vasilievsky Island in St.Petersburg (Russia) was chosen. The population of the island is approximately 200 thousands of people. The island has four bridges on the eastern part) and one large road, the Western High-Speed Diameter (WHSD), will be constructed in several years to the western part of the island.

Holistic framework descriptionImplementationtesting

For the evaluation of the app, we faced the problem that people participating in a large event, such as a soccer match, are not willing to spend time on completing a long survey or interview. Hence, the goal of this contribution was to select and perform an on-site mobile evaluation approach that fits this context and allows us to evaluate the user interaction. The evaluation took place during the FIFA World Cup 2014 and tested the usability of the app with 112 users in Brazil and in Germany.The moderator showed a picture of a fire in a stadium (see Figure 1, right) and asked the participants to imagine that the fire observed in the picture was burning on the other side of the stadium or venue and that they wanted to inform the firefighters by means of the RESCUER app. After this instruction, the moderator assigned the tasks to be performed by the participants. For each task, the observer completed the following items: Did the user accomplish the task successfully? Did the user accomplish the task without further questAfter performing all assigned tasks in the application, the users were asked to complete a Mini AttrakDiff questionnaire and a demographic data surveyions, after 1-2 questions, after 3-4 questions, or after 5 or more questions?

- design and develop emergency scenarios that reflect realistic threatsand are representative of different categories of threats (natural, deliberate, accidental, and technological)

The plan was to present a formal model of agent-based driving behavior using multi-level decision process that reuses and flexibly combines existing behavior models, including evacuee’s decisions, route choices, and traffic flow models. Driving variability of each agent is modeled through different decisions making perspectives from each layer. No deviations reported.

Through literature review, case study analysis and iterative interviews with decision-makers, the model was established. It enables one to simulate different scenarios depending on selected influencing factors and was implemented with Stella 9.1. The presented model simulates the development of a major flood by providing decisionmakers the possibility of undertaking two different types of measures: installing mobile flood protection and evacuating people.