To demonstrate the capapbilities and practicality of the proposed method, this aritcal uses the disaster and response of the Wenchuan earthquake as an example. The experiments were designed based on the disaster and the response that occurred 72 h after the earthquake. Most of this information is queried from Guangming Online The disaster information was dynamically updated after the earthquake occurred.

Review of tools such us: CIPDSS, HAZUS, I2Sim/DR-NEP, and ESRI Sim Disaster.

Assessing the risks from all hazards on a site by site.Gathering and elaborating wind turbines owners and manufacturers indicators for improving emergency management.

Tools: Geography Markup Language (GML), the Web Feature Service (WFS), the Web Map Service (WMS), Open GIS ConsortiumIn case of a forest fire, real time delivery of geospatial information coming from a distributed wireless fire sensor network, camera or other source is of great importance.To provide real time capabilities in Web services, it is necessary network awareness that refers to the monitoring of the current conditions of the network. Network monitoring allows implementation of network control mechanisms through media transport protocols (i.e., TCP/IP, UDP or DCCP) able to automatically adapt media delivered streams to the current network capabilities maximizing, however, users’/service QoS requirements as much as possible.Two different types of geospatial data are supported: the archival and the real time data.The real time requirements are described using the WS-resource framework.Real time and archival data are published to the Real Time Middleware using a Web Service interface.The Real Time Middleware incorporates advanced data filtering methods for reducing the transmitted information. It is also responsible for preprocessing the spatial data in order to best support the required 3D visualization performance and to provide the pre-processed data layers required by the added-value services middleware layer.Data filtering is accomplished in the temporal, spatial and quality data direction.The Real Time Middleware incorporates methods that enable service interaction with the network layer of the OSI architecture. This interaction allows for a real time service streaming of the data.The presentation layer is responsible for transforming the received geospatial data in a format suitable for Web browser interface.

within a simulation tool

University case-study

Data were collected in China in 2008 using a self-designed questionnaire, with 24 participants who had been part of the medical teams that were dispatched to the disaster sites (out of 26 questionnaires distributed)

Simulation: Simple missions assigned to a trainee involve approaching the fire source to identify the accident, finding a fire hydrant, re-approaching the fire source to conduct firefighting activities, and finding nearby victims for rescue and evacuation

Three tests:The first test is called General Test, and its purposes are to check (1) that the closest citizen with medical capabilities is asked to come for helping a citizen that asks for help, and (2) that the new affected location is updated in the map of the official services.The second test, called Only One Comes Test, is aimed at checking that each affected citizen is only assisted by one citizen with medical capability.The goal of the third test, called One By One Test, is to check that each citizen with medical capabilities is not simultaneously asked to attend several citizens.

Simulation